Abstract
Octahedron-shaped zinc stannate (Zn₂SnO₄) crystals and hexagonal cylinder-like ZnO crystals were synthesized through a simple thermal evaporation method under uncomplicated conditions of air atmosphere. The Zn₂SnO₄ octahedrons were grown by heating a mixture of ZnS and SnO powders, and the ZnO hexagonal cylinder-like crystals were fabricated by heating mixtures of..... More

Abstract
SnO₂ nano/micro-crystals with different morphologies were fabricated by the thermal evaporation of SnO₂ powders mixed with Ga₂O₃ powder. The synthesis process was performed at 1300℃ in air. X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) were used to examine the..... More

Abstract
MgO nanowires were grown by a thermal evaporation method at different N₂/O₂ gas ratios in order to investigate the effect of oxygen concentration on the growth and luminescence properties of the MgO nanowires. A thermal evaporation process was conducted at 1000^oC and under a pressure of 500Torr. No nanowires were..... More

Abstract
In this study, we fabricated transparent heaters composed of an ultrathin Cu-layer heating element sandwiched between a ZnO underlayer and an Al₂O₃ overlayer. With the Cu layer thickness fixed at 8.5 nm, the thicknesses of the ZnO and Al₂O₃ layers were independently varied to reach the optimum antireflecting condition (maximum..... More

Abstract
MgO nanowires with a branched structure were fabricated using a thermal evaporation method in air at atmospheric pressure. The branched MgO nanowire was made up of two parts: a primary central nanowire trunk and lots of secondary nanowire branches. The branched MgO nanowires had a 4-fold symmetrical structure. The secondary..... More

Abstract
Ultrathin MgO nanosheets were successfully synthesized by thermal evaporation of a mixture of Mg and graphite powders as the source material. The synthesis was performed at 1000 ^oC in air. Scanning electron microscopy showed that the two-dimensional MgO nanosheets had widths of several micrometers and the thickness of less than..... More

Abstract
Hexagonal-shaped ZnO nanodisks were synthesized at temperatures above 1000oC via thermal evaporation of a mixture of ZnO, SnO, and graphite powders as the source materials. Notably, the ZnO nanodisks were easily formed in ambient air at atmospheric pressure. The ZnO nanodisks could not be obtained without SnO in the source..... More

Abstract
ZnO nano/microstructures were grown via a simple thermal evaporation process in air at atmospheric pressure. Mixtures of ZnS and carbon powders were used as the sources. The effects of growth temperature and mass ratio of carbon powder to ZnS on the morphologies and luminescence properties of the ZnO nano/microstructures were..... More

Abstract
The formation of porous material structures has been widely investigated for the development of high-performance energy materials, catalysts, and chemical sensing devices. Various nanoporous structure fabrication methods are based on wet-chemical processes, which require precise control of the process parameters. Physical vapor deposition such as thermal evaporation utilizes high vacuum..... More

Abstract
Technologies for pedestrian safety are increasingly emphasized by Automakers in advance of autonomous driving vehicles. A Night Vision System attached behind the front grille can reduce fatal accidents, especially during the nighttime, however, consumers may hesitate to adopt such systems on account of their high price. High-cost Germanium is used..... More

Abstract
TiO₂ nanostructures were synthesized using a thermal evaporation method without a catalyst. TiO powders mixed with graphite powders were used as the source materials. The synthesis process was performed in air atmosphere at 1000 °C. When the mass ratio of TiO/graphite in the source material was 2:1, TiO₂ nanowires and..... More

Abstract
Changes in the properties of the hole transport layer (HTL) and the perovskite layer in a perovskite solar sell (PSC) were observed under various Au thermal evaporation conditions. We employed a conventional thermal evaporator with a distance of 30 cm between the source and substrate in a vacuum of 6..... More