Abstract
Technologies to reduce CO₂ emissions in the steel industry have been actively developed since the early 1990s in order to deal with global climate change. In particular, the utilization of various types of biomass including wood, bamboo, grass, food and agricultural by-product are being attempted as carbon neutral fuels in..... More

Abstract
The phase transformation behavior of the oxides formed in mechanically alloyed Fe-5Y₂O₃ powder is investigated. Non-stoichiometric Y-rich and Fe-rich oxides with sizes of less than 300 nm are observed in the mechanically alloyed powder. The diffusion and redistribution reactions of the elements in these oxides during heating of the powder..... More